Documenting tangible culture – Histories and perspectives

Collection of information

No matter what type of element is discovered, it is important to keep a record for future use. Producing several models of collection cards adapted to the size of the objects to be documented during the project is recommended. Certain information is essential and should be included on each card:

La provenance : où se trouve l’objet? qui en est le détenteur actuel?
Origin: Where is the object located? Who is the current holder?
Date: When was the object made? Acquired?
Place of creation: Where was it made? By whom?
Access conditions: Is it freely available to all or is it part of a private collection?
The material: Is it a paper document? A photograph? A handmade object? What is it made of?
Description of the content: What can be seen in the photograph? A summary of the article, a description of the object, its use, etc.?

It is recommended to bring several copies of these cards when working in the field, since it is impossible to predict what will be found.

Once the project is completed, these cards can be transferred to organizations involved in the conservation and promotion of the history and culture of the communities concerned (such as cultural centers, museums, archives, band councils, etc.). This will aid them in keeping an inventory of what is in their community.

Downloadable tools

File "Collection card"

PDF file

File “Collection of information"

Downloadable Pdf

Photographs

When visiting communities, items relevant to the research are likely to be found in the homes of people encountered. Rarely can these items be retained, either because of their significance to their owners or simply because the space and facilities to preserve them are not accessible. However, keeping a record of these items is practical for collective memory and, eventually, for creating devices of cultural transmission. Consequently, photography is a good means of preservation. Here are some tips and concepts to consider for successful photographs.

Equipment

Use a tripod: this ensures the same photographic quality for each object and the same photographic plane for each photo.
Use two light sources on each side of the object, ideally at an angle of about 45 degrees to avoid casting shadows around the object. However, this angle may vary depending on the type of object and material.

Sharpness and image quality

Use a white or black background: the white colour enables the object’s details to be more visible and creates a better colour balance. Black should be used for very pale objects or when a contrasting effect is desired.
Choose a location with controlled lighting and favour cold light, if possible.

Shooting and framing

The principles of framing and cameral shot angles, as well as lighting, are the same as for video.

Section "Audiovisual recording - Four main principles"

Here are some specifics about photographing objects:

Determine a frame for the objects: objects should be placed in the center of the image with an equal amount of empty space on each side;
Reflect on the orientation of the object: ideally, the object should be placed according to the orientation of its use. For instance, if a photograph of an arrowhead is taken, it should be pointing towards the top of the picture;
Take pictures from several angles: the recommendation is to take several pictures of each side of the object (front, back and sides) to allow a better understanding of the object;
Use a scale of relevance: a visual marker in a photograph enables the object’s measurements to be determined from the photograph. This can be as simple as placing a quarter near the object. Certain scales can also make it easier to calibrate colours. For smaller artifacts, it is recommended to use black and white scales. The scale should be placed below the object and centered with the latter.